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Geography of India |
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India is known for its diverse geography and it is perhaps the only tropical country which offers a wonderful package of all types of landscapes ranging from mountains to plains or from beaches to deserts. India forms the core part of Indian subcontinent and it is located on the Indian plate, right at the northern side of the Indo- Australian Plate. You will find the fertile Indo- Gangetic Plain in the northern, central and Eastern part of India and the Deccan Plateau in the southern part of India. The Thar Desert lies in the western region and here, the geography of India is a fine fusion of rocky and sandy desert. The Himalayan Range occupies the north and northeastern border. The highest point of Indian territory is Kangchenjunga. With the variation in geography in India, one will also notice a wide climatic variation as you move from the equatorial region to the Himalayas.
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When we are studying the geography of India, we should also take into account the neighboring states of India. In the northwest side, India is bordered by Pakistan and Afghanistan. China, Nepal and Bhutan border India in the north side and Myanmar in the east. Bangladesh lies adjacent to the eastern portion of West Bengal. In the southern part, India is bordered by Srilanka, Indonesia and Maldives. The Gulf of Mannar and Palk Strait separate India from Srilanka. India covers a land area of about 3, 287, 263 square kilometers and it is recognized as the seventh largest country of the world. In the southwest, you have the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean in the South and Bay of Bengal in the southeast. In the souther tip of India, you will find Indira Point and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
If we come to the political geography of India, then, it must be mentioned that India has got 28 states which are again divided into districts and seven union territories. The union territories are governed by an administrator representing the union government while the states have their own elected governments. The physiographic geography of India can be discussed under seven heads as India is divided into seven different physiographic regions like north mountains- Himalayas including Karakoram ranges, northeastern mountain ranges and Kuen Lun, Indo Gangetic Plains, Thar Desert, Central Highlands and Deccan Plateau, East Coast, West Coast and the bordering seas and islands.
Any discussion on the geography of India cannot come to an end without the mention of the rich natural resources of India. About 56% of the total land area is arable and India is counted as the fourth largest coal reserves of the world and India is also known for the huge reserves of iron ore, mica, titanium, natural gas, petroleum, diamonds, thorium, bauxite and manganese. Petroleum is found in the off coast regions of Maharashtra, Assam and Gujarat. Andhra Pradesh has got uranium mines and Karnataka is known for its Kolar gold mine.
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